When does Jurnalis Source Who should be said?

Journalists have the right not to reveal sources of self-teak or her informan. But sometimes journalists have to reveal who the source. When?

Freedom of the Press: When Journalists Should Reveal Their Sources

By Candida Bohnne-Eittreim

Journalists have always claimed the right to protect their sources from exposure. One of the most notable cases was the Ellsburg Papers which led to the Watergate Scandal. That particular story was covered by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, who tried to protect Daniel Ellsberg from disclosing how he came into possession of certain documents. This scenario is common to journalists who are investigating a major piece of ethical wrongdoing in governmental affairs. But the question here is, When should a journalist reveal sources, and under which circumstances?

Let’s look at Judith Miller, deeply involved in the Valerie Plame case. In this case. Ms. Miller had long been looked at with suspicion and disgust by those convinced the Iraq War was an orchestrated event. Miller, who ultimately was jailed 85 days for her refusal to disclose to Special Investigator Patrick J. Fitzgerald her knowledge of the Plame affair and who she had spoken to about it. Her employer, the N.Y.Times, had already aided her co-defendant Matthew Cooper, who agreed to testify before the Grand Jury, thereby avoiding Miller’s fate.

The whole scandal, dubbed by some as Treasongate, involved the disclosure of a C.I.A. operative’s covert name and status. This leak cost an intelligent and very able C.I.A. employee of long standing to lose her job, and live under constant fear for the lives of her twin toddlers and herself. Tragically, Ms. Plame herself, was only a tool used to punish her husband, former Ambassador Joseph Wilson. Wilson had made enemies within the Administration, by his disclosure that the alleged sale of yellowcake uranium to Iraq had never taken place. After handing in an administrative report, and understanding after a period of time that this report didn’t suit the prevailing mindset, he went public July 6, 2003, criticizing the Administration’s stand in the N.Y. Times. He followed this by an appearance on Meet The Press. Three days later, Ms. Plame was outed publicly.

In the Ellsberg case, there was a definite and reasonable need for Woodward and Bernstein to protect their source. The circumstances surrounding the Watergate Scandal exposed definite misuse of Executive powers, and could have endangered Ellsberg’s life. In the second case, Valerie Plame wasn’t involved in anything germane to the leak, other than her being married to Joseph Wilson.

The leaking of the information concerning N.S.A. use of wiretaps in covert ops against foreign nationals within the U.S. is another example of invoking journalistic privilege. The N.Y. Times sat on this story for one year, allegedly at the behest of President Bush. Which is in many reasonable minds pure nonsense. As of this point in time, the N.Y. Times has not offered any other source for their information.

Are the above-mentioned cases examples of when a representative of the media has gone too far in protecting sources? I believe they are. Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald, wrote in response to N.Y. Times Chairman Arthur Sulzberger Jr., in part:” that even though Time magazine surrendered Cooper’s notes in the case, the journalist’s testimony is still needed in the investigation.

“First, Cooper’s own article noted that the conduct of the officials involved an attack on an administration critic, not whistle-blowing,” Fitzgerald wrote.

“Second, at a time when journalists seek a reporter’s privilege akin to the attorney-client privilege, they ought to recognize that an attorney can be compelled to testify if his client communicates to the attorney for the purpose of committing a crime or fraud. … Third, journalists are not entitled to promise complete confidentiality - no one in America is.”

Here in a nutshell is the crux of the argument. Responsible journalists protect sources who are whistleblowing, exposing corruption or otherwise helping to better our society, by exposing corporate/governmental wrongdoings. They cross the line when they help hide sources who have damaged or attacked reputations for political reasons, participated in major crimes, or endangered the nation’s security by the disclosure of highly classified information. When this occurs, it can come close to treason or at the very least aiding and abetting of our nation’s enemies.

The pen is mightier than the sword in a writer’s hands. And that weapon must be used with respect and care where it concerns the laws of the land and the lives of others. Responsible and ethical journalists and commentators understand this well. It is unfortunate that so many others don’t understand they are not above the law because of what they do.

Barack Obama, U.S. President ever Living in Indonesia

Barack Obama, U.S. Presidential Candidate Who ever Living in Indonesia
Barack Obama
Barack Obama
This is the popular figure in the United States at this time. Compete closely with Hillary Clinton, Obama become a role model and idol of the young United States

Barack Obama political career melejit. Ability berpolitiknya ditopang ability to mesmerize rhetoric, charisma and a blazing smile captivating. That is a concern that young people who are currently disillusioned with the modern politics.

Actually who is Obama?

Barack Hussein Obama, Jr., born 4 August 1961, was a Senator from Illinois. He became the world's attention because the main speech at the Democrat National Convention in 2004, when he was still a Senator of the State of Illinois. In the same year, he became the first African descent to win election to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat.

Obama was born in Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii economist father graduated from Harvard, Barack Hussein Obama, Sr.., From Kenya, and mother Ann Dunham, from Wichita, Kansas. Time Obama was born, both parents are students at the East-West Center at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

When the age of two years, her parents divorced. His father returned to Kenya, and he only met his son once more before died in 1982. Then married Ann Dunham Soetoro with lolo, also a student East-West Center (MA Geography 1962) from Indonesia.

Barack on the child using the name 'Barry'. This family then moved to Jakarta, where Obama step-sister, Maya Soetoro-Ng, was born (Obama also has a step-brothers from his father who married again). When Obama was 10 years old he returned to Hawaii and diasuh grandfather, grandmother, Madelyn Dunham.

Period in the Small SDN Menteng 01

Barack Obama, the first black person who is now a presidential candidate so trusted United States in the 2008 elections, memories by teachers and friends in SD Menteng, Jakarta, as the students have hands that intelligent southpaw.

Her leadership of Barry already seen since the school joined the Scouts. First to come to SDN Menteng 1, Barry can not be English. "He was his mother, the bule," reminded Winardiyanto Bandung, Obama sister class.

Because friends do not have a class that can be English, Barry is also difficult to communicate. The withdrawal of new students "antique", the man born 4 August 1961 that so many months-monthly school friend.

"He (Barry) named Si Lentik Barry because his fur lentik, the hair curls typical African people," story. In addition, the Si Si Lentik also named Black as the dark skin color.

Although not fluent in Indonesian, Barry easily interact with friends and even contemporary seniornya. Beautiful memories together with Barry when camping in the school.

"Our senior and junior penggalang served as a Boy Scout," he said. Barry penchant main rigging, and running competitions. The point can not be silent children, hiperaktif and often ask, "said Bandung. Barry also didaulat often become gang leaders.

"He never promiscuous friend to love jajan in kiosks Kamid," story. Kiosk Kamid established since an 60-year sell candy, ciki-cikian (a kind of snack), and chocolate. We often jajan with, "he said.

Barack Obama students SDN Menteng 01
Barack Obama students SDN Menteng 01
Political career, Hope & Change


Obama political career began from the Democratic Party national convention in 2004. At that time people compare him directly with figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., and Democratic icons, John and Robert Kennedy.

Since he developed a mantra that is the hope and change ``. He also described the competitors, Hillary Clinton, as a symbol of the political system is broken and must be updated immediately.

"This time we finally overcome the political menakut-fear Him, doubts and cynical. Politics is in fact split, not build this country," said Obama to supporting.

"Since this time, you will see the back and say, this is the time and place of remembering what America means hope," he added.

Because two years in Congress and a period as local legislators, many people consider Obama campaign is now premature. In his book The Audacity of Hope, Obama explain why he did not wait to turn incoming White House fight.

Confess he is very motivated with the speech Martin Luther King Jr. on the interests of `the` very urgent for a grassroots movement to persist the changes.

He often even contemplate the price he must pay for menyukseskan campaign, namely the loss of time for his wife Michelle and two daughter Malia and Sasha.

As the skin color, he often mentions as a spokesperson for generations to come. The implicit attempt to separate the combatants themselves preceding black skin like Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton who have voted president less attention from the white.

In an interview with AFP, Obama confessed that life in Indonesia has opened his eyes. He saw wide gaps between rich and poor in the world, and the impact of political upheaval in the ruck.

"That made me wide on the cliff across the country in the world. It also made me understand how people are in such poor can, how issues of corruption can take the opportunity," augment him.

After finishing high school, Obama lectures at the University of Columbia, go to Harvard Law School. In situlah he became the first black students who became president of Harvard Law Review, an institution that is very influential.

Obama with his wife
Obama with his wife
During the lecture he had worked as a community manager in New York Harlem and the South Side of Chicago, the two areas most hard in the U.S.. At that time he formed a family.

He was to dive in Illinois politics as a lawyer defending the rights of the public. He was also a period of three successful state senator, before a successful U.S. senator in 2004. Make a speech at that time the world saw the birth of a new political star U.S..

"There is no black America, white America, Latino or Asian America, we are one nation. We all promised faithfully on American flag, we all defend the United States," exclaim him to invite the hand formations

Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta (some people call Yogyakarta, Jogjakarta, or Yogya) is a city famous for the historical and cultural heritage. Yogyakarta is a center of Mataram kingdom (1575-1640), and until now have Kraton (Palace), which is still functioning in the real sense. Yogyakarta also has many temples that are thousands of years old is the residual kingdoms of antiquity, including the Borobudur Temple was built in the 9th century dynasty by dynasty.

In addition to cultural heritage, Yogyakarta has beautiful natural panorama. Overlay of green rice fields cover up rural areas with the Mount Merapi appears as a backdrop. Beaches that are still easily found naturally in the south of Yogyakarta.

Community living here in peace and have a unique hospitality. Try to encircle the city with a bicycle, pedicab, or carriage, you will find a sincere smile and a warm greeting in every corner of the city. Without you realize, suddenly will feel like you are at home.

The atmosphere feels so art in Jogja. Malioboro, which is intravenously Jogja, handicraft goods from all directions. Street musicians are always ready to entertain visitors stall-stall lesehan.

Many people who visited the city of Jogja said that I was always nostalgic. Have to here, you will surely understand the reason.

bandwidth test

I want to speed the Bandwidth you use, try to be measured only through the web BW monitoring under this

http://www.2wire.com

http://www.sijiwae.net/speedtest/

http://speedtest.big.net.id/


http://speedmeter.biz.net.id/

http://support.hubris.net/bandwidthmeter/initialmeter.php

http://www.mystarone.com/speedtest/


http://bwmeter.i2.co.id


http://www.dslreports.com/mspeed

monitoring this work in real time, will be recorded in the beginning and the end will also be recorded so that accurate results are expected, if you want to know what exactly, before you do this test, your PC is not advisable to do the activities are high, for example, men are downloading something in another web, this is useful so that BW do more accurately recorded.

Why do you have a slow connection, among

* Performance of your PC

* ISP do you use

* Web traffic do you open

* Local geographical conditions

above factors are very influential on your connection place, soo do not 100% blame the ISP / connection you use.

good luck ...

ROLE AND FUNCTION POSITION STUDENTS

Students can be said that a community is unique in the community, with opportunities and advantages that it has, the less able students on the community. Students also have not been influenced by the interests of a group, mass organizations, political party, etc.. So that students can be said (should) have ideals. Idealism is a truth that is believed from the purely personal and not influenced by external factors that can replace the meaning of truth.

Based on the various potential and opportunities that are owned by the students, not just college students when appropriate to the needs of his own, without giving a contribution to the nation and country. Students are not the students who only learn of its duties, not the people, not the government. Students have a distinctive place in the environment of the community, but not the means to separate themselves from society. Therefore need to be defined with regard to the role, function, and position students to determine the direction of the struggle and the contribution of the student.